Ner Zikaron 5770

Hot on the heels of Rosh Hashana and Yom Kippur comes Sukkot. In Jewish literature the festival is known as a particularly happy festival. The Torah itself says of Sukkot: Vesamachta bechagecha vehayita ach sameach, "You shall rejoice on your festivals and you shall be ach sameach, particularly happy."

Growing up in London, the festivals brought us together. The Jewishness of our family life was Seder night with Oma and Opa; Rosh Hashana with Oma and Opa, going into the fast with Oma and Opa and breaking it with them as well.

Each festival was a celebration of Jewish life, a celebration of family, a celebration of inherited traditions.

But Sukkot was different. Sukkot had no festive family dinner. It wasn't just because Oma and Opa lived on the second floor of an apartment block.

We could always have gone as a family to the sukkah at shul.

Sukkot was different because for Oma it was a festival without joy. There was no ach sameach, no particular happiness.

And why not?

It was on Sukkot, itself, that her family were taken; her parents, her siblings, young cousins, nephews and nieces, dragged from hiding. Chayim and Sara Offen, respected, decent, destroyed.

Oma, aged twenty three, was already in England. It was only after the war that the scattered survivors shared the final memories and passed on their tragic stories. For Oma, Sukkot was a festival without joy. It was the family Yahrzeit.

Ach Sameach? How can you be happy on such a day? Whatever the joys of life, can you ever forget the sorrows?

Ach Sameach? Survival and the building of new families has its joys. Children born into a happier more decent world. A renewal of Jewish life and Jewish living. And yet, is there any escaping the survivor guilt? Why me?

Why not me? What could I have done differently? Painful stories, memories, questions which nibble at our conscience.

We live. But we live with paradox.

In our home there was never an ach sameach on Sukkot. The festival was muted and reflective, a recollection of a family who had lived by their faith and who were seized, as we were told, from their Sukkah, their protective shelter.

Friends, we remember the Shoah in public and we remember it, too, with our families in our homes.

It with these emotions in mind that we launch the new Ner Zikaron home service booklets. We have many public celebrations of survival, recognitions of heroism and valiant resistance and we have our prestigious and well attended commemorations at the Martyrs' Memorial and of course here at the Museum. While we have all of these, there is also a need to sanctify the cherished memories of family and of home life, and to do these in the privacy of the home.

Whether we mark the conventional or personal anniversaries; whether we reflect in silence or say words of prayer; whether we take readings from a book or we look over old photographs and keepsakes, we welcome our lost parents and grandparents, our brothers and sisters into our homes. We invite them to linger with us. Though their bodies are gone, we keep their memory alive and we give sustenance to their immortal soul.

Everyone here at the Australian Association of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and Descendants is a witness or if not a direct witness is an ambassador to humanity; a representative of Truth.

The truth that it happened.

The truth that it was allowed to happen.

The truth that humanity can act without any humanity or compassion.

The truth that the imperative to survive enables us to dig deep, to resist and to find hidden strengths.

The truth that light can sometimes be found in the very darkest corner. That in an age of horror and state-sponsored evil, good men and women risked their lives to save desperate souls.

Our Holocausts Survivo' Association attends to the needs of our survivor community and champions the education and promulgation of these truths of memory and responsibility.

It is our dream that knowing the truth and facing the truth will guide subsequent generations to build a better world.

Let me take this opportunity to acknowledge the 11 years that George Foster has spent at the helm of the Association guiding its holy enterprise. Our community appreciates all that he and Margaret along with their hard working board have delivered.

Our Parasha this coming week is Ki Tetze. It ends with the admonition to remember the evil of Amalek, who attacked those of us who were vulnerable as we headed out of Egypt. How does the Parasha conclude? Zachor et asher asah lecha Amalek - we are told. Remember what Amalek did to you. Zachor! Remember!

And then: Vehaya bechoniach Hashem Elokecha Lecha mikol oyvecha mesaviv (When the Lord your God gives you rest from all your memories around you.)

When you are in the land, when you are safe, when you are secure: even then when you might be inclined to bury the past, to draw a line in the sand and move forwards.

No, says God - that is the time for timche et zecher Amalek - to blot out the memory of Amalek. Lo Tishkach - Never forget.

We must never forget. For ourselves, we will never forget; we can never forget but for society, even peaceful, tranquil society, for society, we must never forget. For humanity, for society, it is our mandate and our destiny to be witnesses, to be ambassadors and to be a conscience.

Through our schools and our institutions we see our children and grandchildren enjoy freedoms of worship, of study and association - though we should not gloss over the undercurrents of racism and intolerance which exist in society as well as the insidious Holocaust Denial campaigns which our enemies promote.

Of course, it is with God's blessing that we are more secure rather than less secure. And it is with great pride that we have built a community and rebuilt a nation from the ruins and ashes of European Jewry. Our survivors and their families have been at the forefront of our renewal.

A couple of years ago I was in New York with my mother's cousins. My uncle made Kiddush on Friday night and sang zemiros with his children, using the melodies and intonations he had learned from his father, Jack Offen. He, in turn, had learned them from his father Chayim Offen; my great-grandfather, whose Yahrzeit I commemorate each Sukkot. It was quite haunting to stand in his presence.

Exterminated but not forgotten. His body, ashes, but his melody and his memory alive.

May we continue to safeguard the memory of the victims and the testimony of the survivors. May they be blessed with the health and the strength to see a better world. May the Australian Association of Jewish Holocaust Survivors and Descendants continue in its good work for the service of humanity.

And may we find joy in our festivals, that we may celebrate them unreservedly - ach sameach.

But we will continue to commemorate; so that the world can never forget.

Wrath, Pride and Prejudice

One of the Hagaddah’s more controversial passages falls after the meal, just between the benching and the Hallel. The cup of Elijah is poured, the door is opened and everyone stands. We read the following passage (three verses from the book of Psalms, and one from Lamentations).

“Pour out Your wrath on the nations who do not know you and on the kingdoms that have not called on Your Name.
For they have devoured Jacob and laid waste his dwelling.
Pour out Your indignation upon them and let Your fierce anger overtake them.
Pursue them in wrath and destroy them under the heavens of the world.”

The door is then closed and we sit for the joyous singing of Hallel.

In their original context, the verses anticipated God’s retribution on Babylon after the destruction of the first Temple in Jerusalem. Lamentations is read on Tisha B’Av. The combined verses first appeared in the Seder service after the First Crusade in 1096. Its introduction was a response to the massacres of European Jewish communities in Worms and Mainz (amongst others) by the crusading knights on their way to “liberate” the holy places in Jerusalem and then the subsequent blood libels, which fell around the Pesach/Easter period.

Pesach represented God’s liberation of his people from the Egyptians. Pharaoh had asked “who is this God of yours” and was then shown His power; it also represents the pledge of the Almighty that He would honour His promise to protect His people. Additionally, Egypt as a whole was then punished for their oppression of Israel and for allowing their leadership to continue to deny them freedom even though by the seventh of the plagues, they had all seen and Pharaoh had acknowledged, the might of God.

So, as the crusader massacres began with the persecution of Jews in the name of religion, combinedCrusaders attacking Jews with the taunting that the God of Israel had abandoned His people, the Jews celebrating their medieval Sedarim stood and opened their doors with pride in their identity and with hope that the redemptive God would end their oppression and restore our people leshana haba to Jerusalem.
I
n Worms itself, where 800 were slaughtered, there is a 1521 manuscript with an additional companion passage.

“Pour out Your love on the nations who have known You,
and on the kingdoms that call upon Your name.
For they have shown loving-kindness to the seed of Jacob,
And they defended Your people Israel from those who would devour them alive.
May they live to see the sukkah of peace spread over Your chosen ones,
And to participate in the joy of Your nations.”

The association with the Cup of Elijah is twofold.
It is Elijah, according to tradition, who will herald the Messianic Era, with true accountability and divine justice spread throughout the world. It will be in that era, where the nations will have had the chance to see God’s truth and those who reject His ways will be cast out. Just as many families have a symbolic case packed and by their front door ready for the trip to Jerusalem on Seder night (though I’ve not met anyone who has had airline tickets booked on the offchance!), we open the door to Elijah to welcome him in. If he sees our fidelity and our passion, maybe he will call for an end of our exile.

The second link is more personal to Elijah, but also touches on the theme of prejudice, that discomforts readers of “Shfoch Chamatcha”.

Illuminated TextMuch of Elijah’s prophetic life was spent with him at odds with the idol-endorsing and evil king Ahab. Ahab reigned for 22 years. “He did evil in the sight of the Lord, more than all who came before him.” It was a life of confrontation and chastisement. Each berated the other as a troubler of Israel.

In his most decisive test, Elijah confounded the prophets of Baal upon Mount Carmel, demonstrating that their god was silent to their prayers whereas the God of Israel responded to his. Ahab recognised Hashem hu ha-elokim, The Lord is God. At that moment of Tshuva, we are told that Elijah girded his loins and ran before the king. He treated him with deference and respect for his majesty. For a couple of verses, entreaties to pour out divine wrath are supplanted with the love for the returning penitent. If Elijah’s earlier berating of Ahab had been harsh it was not through personal enmity but through a passion for truth.

Similarly, as we complete our Sedarim, we recall the persecution of our people bechol dor ve-dor, through the generations. We stand proud of God’s protection. We open the door to show we are not afraid or ashamed to further our faith and to continue our celebrations. We hope to welcome Elijah and the dawn of a new age, where all peoples of our world will know God, see His sukkah of peace and participate together in the joy of His nations.

Yom HaShoah